Home >> Gynaecology >> ForumTopic: Hormone replacement therapy - Risks
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| dvdabba Total Posts: 12 | Posted: Mon Nov 16, 2009 12:27 am All of the following statements about HRT (hormone replacement therapy) are true except ? A) It increases the risk of coronary artery disease B) It increases bone mineral density C) It increases the risk of breast cancer D) It increases the risk of endometrial cancer Key answer is D. I think its C.(increases the risk of breast cancer) Plz help . . Netmedicos. |
| Admin Total Posts: 890 | Posted: Mon Nov 16, 2009 12:39 am Benefits of HRT - 1. Relieves menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, sleep problems, and vaginal dryness. 2. Estrogen can also prevent bone loss that leads to thin, weak bones (osteoporosis). 3. May help prevent other diseases such as colon cancer and macular degeneration (age-related vision loss), and may help delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease. There is some evidence that transdermal estrogen may be helpful in treating depression and in improving symptoms in female Alzheimer’s patients. 4. Estrogen, especially oral estrogen, can help improve cholesterol levels, but in recent studies, that has not translated into a reduced risk of heart disease. HRT risks and possible side effects - 1. Increased risk of endometrial cancer in women with a uterus if estrogen is taken without progesterone or a progestin 2. Slightly increased risk of breast cancer after 4 or more years of HRT, as shown in the WHI study that used continuous combined oral estrogen and progestin (Prempro). Estrogen alone or other HRT regimens may not raise the risk of breast cancer significantly. 3. Increased breast density, making mammograms more difficult to interpret and possibly increasing breast cancer risk. This appears to be an effect primarily associated with taking oral progestin continuously with estrogen (e.g., Prempro). 4. Slightly increased risk of ovarian cancer 5. Slightly increased risk of blood clots, associated primarily with oral estrogens such as Premarin 6. Increased risk of gallbladder disease, associated primarily with oral estrogens such as Premarin 7. Slightly increased risk of heart attack or stroke, both in women with cardiovascular disease and in healthy women. This effect may be associated primarily with HRT using continuous combined oral estrogen and progestin (Prempro) or the daily use of an oral progestin such as Provera with estrogen. 8. Breast pain (often a temporary problem) 9. Nausea, associated primarily with oral estrogens 10. Bloating and fluid retention, primarily associated with progestins, e.g., medroxyprogesterone acetate 11. Negative effects on mood, primarily associated with progestins, e.g., medroxyprogesterone acetate Monthly vaginal bleeding often occurs when women take estrogen and progestin in a cyclical style (usually estrogen every day, but progestin only part of the month) rather than all the time. Spotting or bleeding may also occur when HRT is taken in the continuous combined style (both estrogen and progesterone or progestin every day). Problems with bleeding and spotting may improve over time or with a change in dose, regimen, or type of progestin/progesterone used. Women who do not want any bleeding at all may find these effects unacceptable. Some women find that trying a different type of HRT, such as switching to bio-identical hormones, using a transdermal product instead of pills, or trying a different regimen, may reduce or eliminate side effects and work better for them. |
| dvdabba Total Posts: 12 | Posted: Mon Nov 16, 2009 12:47 am Whats the answer. . its seems breast cancer. |
| Admin Total Posts: 890 | Posted: Mon Nov 16, 2009 12:49 am Another recent randomized controlled trial found HRT may actually prevent the development of heart disease and reduce the incidence of heart attack in women between 50 and 59, but not for older women. The mechanism may have something to do with the contradictory effects of increasing propensity for clotting, versus improving both "good" and "bad" cholesterol concentrations in the blood (which would have a protective effect). Followup studies are being performed which are intended to confirm these findings. The increased risk of breast cancer remains A recent large well-designed randomized controlled trial recently showed that increased breast cancer risk applies only to those women who take progesterone analogues (as was done in the WHI) but not to those taking progesterone itself. |
| Admin Total Posts: 890 | Posted: Mon Nov 16, 2009 12:51 am This is a question where all the options are correct - We have to chose the best answer. Considering the statements above - A is a possibility. |
| Rocky009 Total Posts: 1 | Posted: Sat Dec 04, 2010 07:01 pm sir plz & plz wt is the final answer |
| whizmedico Total Posts: 21 | Posted: Sun Dec 05, 2010 06:20 pm As already pointed out with a wonderful explanatory note, A is the answer of exclusion. Since all options are right, i guess the examiners would award us marks for whatever option we might choose. I have a query... Is it better to leave such questions without attempting or is it best to choose some option? |
| prbhkrms Total Posts: 6 | Posted: Tue Dec 07, 2010 04:36 pm Hormone Therapy and Endometrial Cancer In 1975, Zeil and Finle proved the relationship between the administration of exogenous estrogens and an increased incidence of endometrial cancer.More recently, evidence from randomized controlled studies showed a definite association between HT and uterine hyperplasia and cancer. HT based on unopposed estrogen is associated with this observed risk, which is unlike the increased risk of breast cancer linked with combined rather than unopposed HT. -EMEDICINE |